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Today we will discuss how can biotechnology be applied to agriculture? We have knew What is biotechnology? but it’s general, We need apply to reality. begin with genes. Genes are the pieces of DNA code which regulate all biological processes in living organisms. The entire set of genetic information of an organism is present in every cell. The most significant breakthroughs in agricultural biotechnology are coming from research into the genetic mechanisms behind economically important characteristics and from genomics. 阅读全文 »

I just defined What is biotechnology?, now classification discuss. First is plant biotechnology. Plant biotechnology involves the application of genetic engineering, molecular biology and other advanced scientific techniques to develop food and fiber crops with enhanced beneficial traits, such as resistance to destructive insects and diseases, and production of more healthful oils.

Then how How does plant biotechnology work?

Plant breeders identify, select and move genes with beneficial traits from one plant to another in a process that is faster, more efficient and more precise than traditional techniques, such as cross breeding. This method mixes thousands of genes carried in pollen of a plant, such as corn, to isolate a desirable trait or traits. It takes years to complete and does not always result in a variety with the yield, quality traits and other characteristics sought by the breeder.

Biotechnology is a collection of techniques used to move genetic information from one organism to another. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity defines biotechnology as

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

Before 1971, biotechnology was primarily used in the food processing and agriculture industries. Since the 1970s, it began to be used to refer to laboratory-based techniques being developed in biological research, such as recombinant DNA or tissue culture-based processes, or horizontal gene transfer in living plants. In fact, the term should be used in a much broader sense to describe the whole range of methods, both ancient and modern, used to manipulate organic materials to reach the demands of food production.

Biotechnology combines disciplines like genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology and cell biology, which are in turn linked to practical disciplines like chemical engineering, information technology, and biorobotics.